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The National Animal Identification System, (NAIS) is a government-run program in the United States intended to extend government animal health surveillance by identifying and tracking specific animals.〔http://animalid.aphis.usda.gov/nais/about/index.shtml〕 Administered at the federal level by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a branch of the United States Department of Agriculture, NAIS will also be overseen by state animal health boards. While the federal program is voluntary, money received by some states,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2007 ARKANSAS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT WITH USDA )〕 tribes, and non-profit entities from the USDA through cooperative agreements has been used to make parts or all of the program mandatory.〔()〕〔http://www.in.gov/legislative/iac/T03450/A00010.PDF〕 Critics claim the system will put small farmers out of business, by requiring that farmers pay the cost of registration devices of between $1 and $20 for each animal. Large, corporate factory farms which are connected to vertically integrated, birth-to-death factory systems ID and pay by the herd (and not the individual animal), while small farmers must pay it for each animal.〔 〕 ==Overview== The National Animal Identification System covers most livestock species, including cattle, poultry, horses, donkeys, mules, sheep, goats and swine, as well as bison, deer, elk, llamas, alpacas and even some fish species, under the heading of aquaculture. Household pets such as cats and dogs are not included.〔http://animalid.aphis.usda.gov/nais/faq/faq.shtml#commonMyths〕 The first step in the system is identification of locations, or premises, where these animals are housed or otherwise handled, while identification of the individual animals is the second component. The final part of the program is to track animal movement between the various premises.〔 The USDA claims the ultimate goal of NAIS is traceback within 48 hours of a diseased animal's movements, which would be possible once the three components of NAIS are fully implemented. This traceback would enable animal health officials to identify all the animals and locations that have had direct contact with the animal and take appropriate measures to prevent the further spread of disease.〔http://animalid.aphis.usda.gov/nais/faq/faq.shtml#general〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Animal Identification System」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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